paper 2, section I
HSC English Module A: Textual Conversations and Language, Identity and Culture
Module A is Section I of Paper 2 and is worth 20 marks. In English Advanced it is Textual Conversations, a comparative study of a prescribed pair of texts. In English Standard and English EAL/D it is Language, Identity and Culture: how language reflects and shapes identity, studied through one prescribed text. (EAL/D's 2017 syllabus calls this Module B.)
Last updated . An independent guide by Afterhour, not affiliated with NESA. Quoted syllabus text, exam specifications, marking guidelines and marker feedback are © NSW Education Standards Authority.
At a glance
where
Paper 2
Section I: Textual conversations
marks
20
of the paper's 60
time
2 h
+ 5 min reading, for all three sections
task
Extended response
what it asks, in one line
Advanced: compare a prescribed pair of texts (Textual conversations). Standard and EAL/D: how language reflects and shapes identity, through one prescribed text.
Paper 1 · Texts and human experiences1 h 30 min+ 10 min reading
20Section I20Section IIPaper 2 · Textual conversations, Critical study of literature, and The craft of writing2 h+ 5 min reading
20Section ITextual conversations20Section IICritical study of literature20Section IIIThe craft of writing
block width: marks writing time reading time
What the module asks
This is what NESA's syllabus says each course studies in this module, quoted from the 2024 syllabus that applies from HSC 2027. Students sitting the HSC up to 2026 study the 2017 syllabus; its wording is underneath.
English Advanced: Textual conversations
Students explore the ways in which the comparative study of texts can reveal resonances and dissonances within and between texts. Students identify, interpret, analyse and evaluate the textual features, conventions, contexts, values and purposes of TWO prescribed texts. By comparing TWO texts, students understand how authors are influenced by other texts, contexts and values, and how these shape meaning. Through their comparative study, they explore common or disparate issues, values, assumptions or perspectives, and the ways these are depicted. By responding imaginatively, interpretively and critically to the comparative study, students explore and evaluate individual and common textual features, concepts, ideas and values.
What the syllabus says you'll come to understand
- The relationship between reader, author, text and context
- Text structures, including mode, medium, form, language features and stylistic elements, and the ways they shape meaning
- The influence of context and values on the perspectives and ideas in texts
- Theme, genre and aesthetic elements, and the ways they are used to represent personal and public worlds and influence responses
- The influence of historical and cultural context across a pair of texts
- The ways a comparative study creates a new understanding and appreciation of each text
English Standard: Language, identity and culture
Language has the power to reflect and shape individual and collective identity. In this focus area, students consider how their responses to written, spoken, audio and visual texts shape their self-perception. They also consider the impact texts have in shaping individuals’ and communities’ sense of identity. Through understanding and responding to texts, students deepen their understanding of how language can affirm, ignore, challenge and disrupt prevailing assumptions and beliefs about themselves, individuals and culturally connected groups.
What the syllabus says you'll come to understand
- The ways personal, social, cultural and historical contexts shape meaning in texts
- The ways specific language features and forms of texts influence perceptions of ourselves, other people and a range of cultural perspectives
- The ways mode and medium shape meaning
- The ways context and implicit cultural assumptions influence the perspectives and ideas of authors
- The ways content shapes the social, moral and ethical positions represented in texts
English EAL/D: Language, identity and culture
Language has the power to reflect and shape individual and collective identity. Students explore and analyse the ways that language is used to express the complexities and subtleties of personal, social and cultural identity. They investigate how textual forms and conventions, and language structures and features are used to communicate information, ideas, values and attitudes. Students also consider the impact texts have on shaping individuals’ or communities’ sense of identity in both personal and public worlds that inform and influence perceptions of ourselves and other people. Through the study of ONE prescribed text and a range of short texts, students develop an understanding of how individual perceptions of and relationships with others and the world are shaped by spoken, written and visual language.
What the syllabus says you'll come to understand
- The ways cultural perspectives and identities are represented in texts
- The ways in which texts created by authors from diverse backgrounds represent people, places, histories and experiences
- Culturally specific phrases, idioms, colloquialisms, collocations and references in a range of texts
- The different perspectives on personal, social and historical issues represented in texts
HSC 2019–2026 (2017 syllabus)
English Advanced: Module A: Textual Conversations
In this module, students explore the ways in which the comparative study of texts can reveal resonances and dissonances between and within texts. Students consider the ways that a reimagining or reframing of an aspect of a text might mirror, align or collide with the details of another text. In their textual studies, they also explore common or disparate issues, values, assumptions or perspectives and how these are depicted. By comparing two texts students understand how composers (authors, poets, playwrights, directors, designers and so on) are influenced by other texts, contexts and values, and how this shapes meaning.
Students identify, interpret, analyse and evaluate the textual features, conventions, contexts, values and purpose of two prescribed texts. As students engage with the texts they consider how their understanding, appreciation and enjoyment of both texts has been enhanced through the comparative study and how the personal, social, cultural and historical contextual knowledge that they bring to the texts influences their perspectives and shapes their own compositions.
English Standard: Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
Language has the power to both reflect and shape individual and collective identity. In this module, students consider how their responses to written, spoken, audio and visual texts can shape their self-perception. They also consider the impact texts have on shaping a sense of identity for individuals and/or communities. Through their responding and composing students deepen their understanding of how language can be used to affirm, ignore, reveal, challenge or disrupt prevailing assumptions and beliefs about themselves, individuals and cultural groups.
Students study one prescribed text in detail, as well as a range of textual material to explore, analyse and assess the ways in which meaning about individual and community identity, as well as cultural perspectives, is shaped in and through texts. They investigate how textual forms and conventions, as well as language structures and features, are used to communicate information, ideas, values and attitudes which inform and influence perceptions of ourselves and other people and various cultural perspectives.
English EAL/D: Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
Language has the power to both reflect and shape individual and collective identity. In this module, students explore and analyse the ways that language is used to express the complexities and subtleties of personal, social and cultural identity. They investigate how textual forms and conventions and language structures and features are used to communicate information, ideas, values and attitudes which inform and influence perceptions of ourselves and other peoples. Students also consider the impact texts have on shaping individuals’ or communities’ sense of identity.
Through the study of one prescribed text and a selection of related material, students develop awareness and understanding of how our perceptions of and relationships with others and the world are shaped by written, spoken and visual language. Through close language study, and by experimenting with different language choices, they consider and reflect on ways that texts affirm or challenge prevailing assumptions and beliefs about individuals and lifestyles, and about social and cultural groupings. They consider representations of and perspectives on culture and identity and they investigate and reflect on their own and others’ experiences of adapting to changed circumstances.
How it's examined
From NESA's HSC exam specifications, word for word.
HSC 2027–2030
English Advanced
Paper 2: Textual conversations, Critical study of literature, and The craft of writing
Time allowed: 2 hours plus 5 minutes reading time.
- Section I: Textual conversations (20 marks)
- There will be one question.
- The question will require an extended response based on the student’s prescribed texts.
- The question may include a stimulus.
From English Advanced 11–12 Syllabus (2024): HSC examinations, © NESA.
English Standard
Paper 2: Language, identity and culture, Close study of literature, and The craft of writing
Time allowed: 2 hours plus 5 minutes reading time.
- Section I: Language, identity and culture (20 marks)
- There will be one question.
- The question will require an extended response based on the student’s prescribed text.
- The question may include a stimulus.
From English Standard 11–12 Syllabus (2024): HSC examinations, © NESA.
English EAL/D
Paper 2: Language, identity and culture, Close study of text, and Writing
Time allowed: 2 hours plus 5 minutes reading time.
- Section I: Language, identity and culture (20 marks)
- There will be one question.
- The question will require an extended response based on the student’s prescribed text.
From English EAL/D 11–12 Syllabus (2024): HSC examinations, © NESA.
HSC 2019–2026
English Advanced
Paper 2: Modules
The time allowed is 2 hours plus 5 minutes reading time.
- Section I: Module A (20 marks)
- There will be one question.
- The question will require a sustained response based on the candidate’s prescribed texts.
- This question may include a stimulus.
From Assessment and reporting (English Advanced Stage 6 Syllabus (2017)): HSC exam specifications, © NESA.
English Standard
Paper 2: Modules
The time allowed is 2 hours plus 5 minutes reading time.
- Section I: Module A (20 marks)
- There will be one question.
- The question will require a sustained response based on the candidate’s prescribed texts.
- This question may include a stimulus.
From Assessment and reporting (English Standard Stage 6 Syllabus (2017)): HSC exam specifications, © NESA.
English EAL/D
Paper 2: Module B and Module C
The time allowed is 1 hour plus 5 minutes reading time.
- Section I: Module B – Language, Identity and Culture (20 marks)
- There will be one question.
- The question will require a sustained response based on the candidate’s prescribed text.
- This question may include a stimulus.
From Assessment and reporting (English EAL/D Stage 6 Syllabus (2017)): HSC exam specifications, © NESA.
How it's marked
Every HSC English section prints a box that says what your answer "will be assessed on", and the marking guideline builds on it: a table of mark ranges, each described in two or three criteria. The first criterion is rewritten for each year's question; the others change little from year to year. More on how this works in how HSC English essays are marked.
English Advanced
Your answer will be assessed on how well you: (2024 syllabus sample exam)
- demonstrate understanding of how composers are influenced by another text’s concepts and values
- evaluate the relationships between texts and contexts
- organise, develop and express ideas using language appropriate to form, audience and purpose
On the 2019–2026 papers: demonstrate understanding of how composers are influenced by another text’s concepts and values; evaluate the relationships between texts and contexts; organise, develop and express ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form.
The criteria, from the 2025 HSC marking guideline
- 17–20marks
- Evaluates skilfully the role of the idea provided in enhancing their appreciation of the textual connections between the two texts
- Demonstrates a well-informed understanding of context, language, form and ideas using well-selected and detailed references to the idea provided and the prescribed texts
- Composes an insightful response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 13–16marks
- Evaluates effectively the role of the idea provided in enhancing their appreciation of the textual connections between the two texts
- Demonstrates an informed understanding of context, language, form and ideas using detailed references to the idea provided and the prescribed texts
- Composes an effective response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 9–12marks
- Explains the role of the idea provided in enhancing their appreciation of the textual connections between the two texts
- Demonstrates a sound understanding of context, language, form and ideas using references to the idea provided and/or the prescribed texts
- Composes a sound response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 5–8marks
- Describes some aspects of the prescribed text(s)
- Demonstrates some understanding of context, language, form and ideas using limited textual references
- Composes a limited response to the question
- 1–4marks
- Attempts to describe aspects of the prescribed text(s)
- Attempts to compose a response to the question
The criteria, from NESA's sample exam for HSC 2027 on
- 17–20marks
- Analyses skilfully how the context of each prescribed text influences their understanding of the textual conversation between the texts
- Presents a well-informed response, supported by well-chosen textual references to the prescribed texts
- Composes an insightful response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 13–16marks
- Analyses effectively how the context of each prescribed text influences their understanding of the textual conversation between the texts
- Presents an informed response, with detailed references to the prescribed texts
- Composes an effective response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 9–12marks
- Analyses how the context of each prescribed text influences their understanding of the textual conversation between the texts
- Presents a sound response, with references to the prescribed texts
- Composes a sound response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 5–8marks
- Describes the context of the prescribed text(s) and/or the textual conversation between the texts
- Presents a limited response, with references to the prescribed texts
- Composes a limited response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 1–4marks
- Refers to the prescribed text(s) in an elementary way
- Attempts to compose a response to the question
English Standard
Your answer will be assessed on how well you: (2024 syllabus sample exam)
- demonstrate understanding of how ideas about language, identity and culture are expressed through texts
- demonstrate understanding of how language is used to shape meaning about culture, individuals and/or groups
- organise, develop and express ideas using language appropriate to form, audience and purpose
On the 2019–2026 papers: demonstrate understanding of how ideas about language, identity and culture are expressed through texts; demonstrate understanding of how language is used to shape meaning about individuals and/or cultural groups; organise, develop and express ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form.
The criteria, from the 2025 HSC marking guideline
- 17–20marks
- Explains in a highly effective manner how the prescribed text reveals the benefits and challenges of belonging to specific cultures
- Presents a highly effective response using relevant, detailed references to the prescribed text
- Organises, develops and expresses ideas effectively using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 13–16marks
- Explains effectively how the prescribed text reveals the benefits and challenges of belonging to specific cultures
- Presents an effective response using relevant references to the prescribed text
- Organises, develops and expresses ideas competently using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 9–12marks
- Explains competently how the prescribed text reveals the benefits and/or challenges of belonging to specific cultures
- Presents a competent response using adequate references to the prescribed text
- Organises, develops and expresses ideas adequately using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 5–8marks
- Describes aspects of the prescribed text with some reference to the question
- Presents a response using limited reference to the prescribed text
- Attempts to organise a response in a limited way
- 1–4marks
- Attempts to describe aspects of the text
- Attempts to organise a response in an elementary way
The criteria, from NESA's sample exam for HSC 2027 on
- 17–20marks
- Analyses effectively how the prescribed text disrupts assumptions about culture
- Presents an effective response using relevant, detailed textual knowledge
- Organises, develops and expresses ideas effectively using language appropriate to form, audience and purpose
- 13–16marks
- Analyses competently how the prescribed text disrupts assumptions about culture
- Presents a competent response using relevant textual knowledge
- Organises, develops and expresses ideas competently using language appropriate to form, audience and purpose
- 9–12marks
- Analyses how the prescribed text disrupts assumptions about culture
- Presents a response using some textual knowledge
- Organises and expresses ideas adequately using language appropriate to form, audience and purpose
- 5–8marks
- Describes how the prescribed text portrays culture or assumptions
- Presents a response using limited textual knowledge
- Attempts to organise a response in a limited way
- 1–4marks
- Attempts to describe aspects of the text
- Attempts to organise a response in an elementary way
English EAL/D
Your answer will be assessed on how well you: (2024 syllabus sample exam, the same as the 2019–2026 papers)
- demonstrate understanding of how language is used to express cultural identity
- organise, develop and express ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
The criteria, from the 2025 HSC marking guideline
- 17–20marks
- Explains skilfully how the complications of embracing identity are represented in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates detailed textual knowledge and uses examples in a discerning way
- Skilfully organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 13–16marks
- Explains effectively how the complications of embracing identity are represented in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates detailed textual knowledge and uses examples in an effective way
- Effectively organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 9–12marks
- Explains how the complications of embracing identity are represented in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates sound textual knowledge and uses examples from the text in a competent way
- Adequately organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 5–8marks
- Describes how the complications of embracing identity are explored in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates some textual knowledge and provides some examples from the text
- Attempts to organise and express ideas
- 1–4marks
- Provides relevant information about the prescribed text
- Demonstrates limited textual knowledge
- Demonstrates limited ability to organise and express ideas
The criteria, from NESA's sample exam for HSC 2027 on
- 17–20marks
- Evaluates skilfully the extent to which culture shapes an individual’s identity in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates detailed textual knowledge and uses examples from the prescribed text in a highly effective way
- Skilfully organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 13–16marks
- Evaluates effectively the extent to which culture shapes an individual’s identity in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates detailed textual knowledge and uses examples from the prescribed text in an effective way
- Effectively organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 9–12marks
- Demonstrates a sound understanding of the way culture shapes an individual’s identity in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates adequate textual knowledge and uses examples from the prescribed text in a sound way
- Organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 5–8marks
- Describes the way culture shapes an individual’s identity in the prescribed text
- Demonstrates some textual knowledge, using basic examples from the prescribed text
- Attempts to organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
- 1–4marks
- Demonstrates limited textual knowledge
- Attempts to organise and express ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
What separates one mark range from the next
The criteria in neighbouring ranges are written in parallel, so the difference between them is in a few words. Here are the top two ranges from the most recent HSC marking guideline for each course, criterion by criterion, with the words that change lit up.
English Advanced
13–16Evaluates effectively the role of the idea provided in enhancing their appreciation of the textual connections between the two texts
17–20Evaluates skilfully the role of the idea provided in enhancing their appreciation of the textual connections between the two texts
13–16Demonstrates an informed understanding of context, language, form and ideas using detailed references to the idea provided and the prescribed texts
17–20Demonstrates a well-informed understanding of context, language, form and ideas using well-selected and detailed references to the idea provided and the prescribed texts
13–16Composes an effective response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
17–20Composes an insightful response using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
English Standard
13–16Explains effectively how the prescribed text reveals the benefits and challenges of belonging to specific cultures
17–20Explains in a highly effective manner how the prescribed text reveals the benefits and challenges of belonging to specific cultures
13–16Presents an effective response using relevant references to the prescribed text
17–20Presents a highly effective response using relevant, detailed references to the prescribed text
13–16Organises, develops and expresses ideas competently using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
17–20Organises, develops and expresses ideas effectively using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
English EAL/D
13–16Explains effectively how the complications of embracing identity are represented in the prescribed text
17–20Explains skilfully how the complications of embracing identity are represented in the prescribed text
13–16Demonstrates detailed textual knowledge and uses examples in an effective way
17–20Demonstrates detailed textual knowledge and uses examples in a discerning way
13–16Effectively organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
17–20Skilfully organises and expresses ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose and form
What markers said
After each HSC, NESA publishes feedback from its markers: what better responses did, and what students could improve. These are the general points (not the ones about a single text), quoted.
English Advanced, 2025 HSC
Areas for students to improve include:
- demonstrating an appreciation of textual connections by showing how composers use ideas such as strategy, conformity, alienation, humility, creativity, reinvention, and artistry to respond to another text’s concepts and values
- evaluating the relationships between texts by considering how purpose, form, language, and context influence meaning and connections in the texts studied
- using detailed textual evidence that contributes to evaluation and engages with the question beyond superficial description
- organising, developing, and expressing ideas using language appropriate to audience, purpose, and form
Students should:
- engage with all aspects of the question
- use appropriate language to engage with the question
- develop an informed and sustained argument that demonstrates their knowledge of the module
- demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the texts through detailed and well-chosen textual references and effective and accurate contextual examples
- engage personally with the texts
- balance and integrate contextual and textual knowledge
- present a balanced treatment of the two texts
- write clear topic sentences and structured paragraphs
- write clearly and legibly
From English Advanced 2025 HSC exam pack: Marking feedback, © NESA.
English Standard, 2025 HSC
In better responses, students were able to:
- explain how the prescribed text reveals an understanding of the benefits and challenges of belonging to specific cultural groups
- develop and maintain a clear line of argument
- organise and express ideas using appropriate language aligned to the module
- demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the module by exploring how the text’s language, form and features shape culture
Areas for students to improve include:
- responding to the whole question, including ‘challenges’ and ‘benefits’
- demonstrating an understanding of specific cultures as represented within the prescribed text
- selecting a range of relevant evidence from the prescribed text to support their ideas,
- including an explanation of how language is used to shape meaning
Students should:
- engage with all the key terms in the question and provide relevant textual evidence, including quotes
- provide an explanation of how language is used to shape meaning, to support their ideas
From English Standard 2025 HSC exam pack: Marking feedback, © NESA.
English EAL/D, 2025 HSC
In better responses, students were able to:
- present an original line of argument about the complications of embracing identity as represented in the prescribed text
- discuss both the complications and effects of embracing identity in a balanced manner
- formulate a sustained argument which demonstrates conceptual knowledge of the prescribed text
- use detailed textual evidence discerningly to demonstrate understanding of key aspects of the prescribed text
- sustain control of expression and use a range of vocabulary to accurately address the key words of the question throughout the response
- structure their response skilfully to organise and effectively express ideas
Areas for students to improve include:
- addressing all key words in the question
- establishing a clear distinction between the terms ‘complications’ and ‘complexities’
- sustaining a clear line of argument
- explaining and analysing a range of textual features skilfully, rather than listing literary techniques
- forming arguments that are aligned to the question, rather than relying on prepared responses, recounting prescribed texts or making generic statements about the module
- exploring key ideas about complications of embracing identity through detailed paragraphs
- providing a range of relevant and accurate textual evidence to support their arguments
- structuring their response using clear paragraphs with organised ideas
- using appropriate language register and sustaining control of expression
Students should:
- engage with all the key words in the question
- present and sustain a clear, relevant line of argument
- provide textual evidence and analysis to support ideas
- demonstrate a holistic understanding of the prescribed text
- apply knowledge of the syllabus content in the interpretation of the question
- present a comprehensive understanding of the prescribed text
- craft a well-structured extended response, for example, writing a distinct introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion
From English EAL/D 2025 HSC exam pack: Marking feedback, © NESA.
Prescribed texts
Choose from these lists (your school usually chooses for you). English Advanced texts are prescribed in pairs, and you study both. For every module and course on one page, see the full prescribed text list.
HSC 2027–2030
English Advanced (6)
- Bush StudiesBarbara BayntonProse fiction paired with Inside My MotherAli Cobby EckermannPoetry
- The Complete PoemsWilliam BlakePoetry paired with Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the DeadOlga TokarczukProse fiction
- The Complete PoemsJohn KeatsPoetry paired with Bright StarJane CampionFilm
- HamletWilliam ShakespeareShakespearean drama paired with The Complete PoemsEmily DickinsonPoetry
- Julius CaesarWilliam ShakespeareShakespearean drama paired with The PrinceNiccolò MachiavelliNonfiction
- Mrs DallowayVirginia WoolfProse fiction paired with The HoursStephen DaldryFilm
English Standard (6)
- The NamesakeJhumpa LahiriProse fiction
- Swallow the AirTara June WinchProse fiction
- The PerseveranceRaymond AntrobusPoetry
- Contemporary Asian Australian Poetseds. Adam Aitken, Kim Cheng Boey, Michelle CahillPoetry
- The Quiet GirlColm BairéadFilm
- Shafana and Aunt SarrinahAlana ValentineDrama
English EAL/D (6)
- The NamesakeJhumpa LahiriProse fiction
- Swallow the AirTara June WinchProse fiction
- The PerseveranceRaymond AntrobusPoetry
- The Collected Poems of Langston HughesLangston HughesPoetry
- Miss PeonyMichelle LawDrama
- Unpolished GemAlice PungNonfiction
HSC 2019–2026 (current Year 12)
English Advanced (7)
- King Richard IIIWilliam ShakespeareShakespearean drama paired with Looking for RichardAl PacinoFilm
- Mrs DallowayVirginia WoolfProse fiction paired with The HoursStephen DaldryFilm
- The StrangerAlbert CamusProse fiction paired with The Meursault InvestigationKamel DaoudProse fiction
- John Donne: A Selection of His PoetryJohn DonnePoetry paired with W;tMargaret EdsonDrama
- The Complete PoemsJohn KeatsPoetry paired with Bright StarJane CampionFilm
- ArielSylvia PlathPoetry paired with Birthday LettersTed HughesPoetry
- The TempestWilliam ShakespeareShakespearean drama paired with Hag-SeedMargaret AtwoodProse fiction
English Standard (11)
- The Penguin Henry Lawson Short StoriesHenry LawsonProse fiction
- Small IslandAndrea LevyProse fiction
- Contemporary Asian Australian Poetseds. Adam Aitken, Kim Cheng Boey, Michelle CahillPoetry
- Inside My MotherAli Cobby EckermannPoetry
- Summer of the Seventeenth DollRay LawlerDrama
- PygmalionBernard ShawDrama
- Shafana and Aunt SarrinahAlana ValentineDrama
- Unpolished GemAlice PungNonfiction
- One Night the MoonRachel PerkinsFilm
- The CastleRob SitchFilm
- Reindeer in my Saami HeartJanet MerewetherMedia
English EAL/D (8)
- Swallow the AirTara June WinchProse fiction
- Contemporary Asian Australian Poetseds. Adam Aitken, Kim Cheng Boey, Michelle CahillPoetry
- Selected PoemsLangston HughesPoetry
- Summer of the Seventeenth DollRay LawlerDrama
- Shafana and Aunt SarrinahAlana ValentineDrama
- ToyoLily ChanNonfiction
- Ten CanoesRolf de HeerFilm
- Reindeer in my Saami HeartJanet MerewetherMedia
Past HSC questions
Every question NESA has set for this module since 2019, and the sample questions for the 2024 syllabus, verbatim. Write to one, then get it marked against that year's guideline.
English Advanced
SampleNESA sample exam (2024 syllabus, HSC 2027 on)
Question 1 – Example A20 marksSection I — Focus area: Textual conversations
You have studied a pair of prescribed texts in Textual conversations. Analyse how the context of each text influences your understanding of the textual conversation between them.
Question 1 – Example B20 marksSection I — Focus area: Textual conversations
1 questions, one for each prescribed text
- Shakespeare, William, Hamlet (drama) and Dickinson, Emily, The Complete Poems (poetry)How has your comparative study of Hamlet and Emily Dickinson’s poetry enhanced your understanding of the common or disparate perspectives about identity? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed texts.
20262026 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
Compare how the complexities of moral ambiguity are explored between and within your two prescribed texts. In your response, make close reference to the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A.
20252025 HSC
Questions 1 (a)–1 (g)20 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
7 questions, one for each prescribed text
- Shakespearean Drama and Film – William Shakespeare, King Richard III and Al Pacino, Looking for RichardEvaluate the role of strategy in King Richard III and Looking for Richard in enhancing your appreciation of the textual connections between these texts. In your response, make close reference to both of your prescribed texts.
- Prose Fiction and Film – Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway and Stephen Daldry, The HoursEvaluate the role of conformity in Mrs Dalloway and The Hours in enhancing your appreciation of the textual connections between these texts. In your response, make close reference to both of your prescribed texts.
- Prose Fiction and Prose Fiction – Albert Camus, The Stranger and Kamel Daoud, The Meursault InvestigationEvaluate the role of alienation in The Stranger and The Meursault Investigation in enhancing your appreciation of the textual connections between these texts. In your response, make close reference to both of your prescribed texts.
- Poetry and Drama – John Donne, John Donne: A Selection of His Poetry and Margaret Edson, W;tEvaluate the role of humility in Donne’s poetry and W;t in enhancing your appreciation of the textual connections between these texts. In your response, make close reference to both of your prescribed texts.
- Poetry and Film – John Keats, The Complete Poems and Jane Campion, Bright StarEvaluate the role of creativity in Keats’ poetry and Bright Star in enhancing your appreciation of the textual connections between these texts. In your response, make close reference to both of your prescribed texts.
- Poetry and Poetry – Sylvia Plath, Ariel and Ted Hughes, Birthday LettersEvaluate the role of reinvention in Plath’s poetry and Hughes’ poetry in enhancing your appreciation of the textual connections between these texts. In your response, make close reference to both of your prescribed texts.
- Shakespearean Drama and Prose Fiction – William Shakespeare, The Tempest and Margaret Atwood, Hag-SeedEvaluate the role of artistry in The Tempest and Hag-Seed in enhancing your appreciation of the textual connections between these texts. In your response, make close reference to both of your prescribed texts.
20242024 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
To what extent has your perspective of the earlier text determined your interpretation and appreciation of the later text? In your response, make detailed reference to both of your prescribed texts.
20232023 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
When we engage with a text, the question we must ask ourselves is, ‘What is this text really about?’ Consider the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A. To what extent does your engagement with the later text make you ask this question about the earlier text? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed texts.
20222022 HSC
Questions 1 (a)–1 (g)20 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
7 questions, one for each prescribed text
- Shakespearean Drama and Film – William Shakespeare, King Richard III and Al Pacino, Looking for RichardTo what extent do the perspectives explored in Looking for Richard collide with those in King Richard III? In your response, make detailed reference to the extract below and your prescribed texts.
- Prose Fiction and Film – Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway and Stephen Daldry, The HoursTo what extent do the perspectives explored in The Hours collide with those in Mrs Dalloway? In your response, make detailed reference to the extract below and your prescribed texts.
- Prose Fiction and Prose Fiction – Albert Camus, The Stranger and Kamel Daoud, The Meursault InvestigationTo what extent do the perspectives explored in The Meursault Investigation collide with those in The Stranger? In your response, make detailed reference to the extract below and your prescribed texts.
- Poetry and Drama – John Donne, John Donne: A Selection of His Poetry and Margaret Edson, W;tTo what extent do the perspectives explored in W;t collide with those in Donne’s poetry? In your response, make detailed reference to the extract below and your prescribed texts.
- Poetry and Film – John Keats, The Complete Poems and Jane Campion, Bright StarTo what extent do the perspectives explored in Bright Star collide with those in Keats’ poetry? In your response, make detailed reference to the extract below and your prescribed texts.
- Poetry and Poetry – Sylvia Plath, Ariel and Ted Hughes, Birthday LettersTo what extent do the perspectives explored in Hughes’ poetry collide with those in Plath’s poetry? In your response, make detailed reference to the extract below and your prescribed texts.
- Shakespearean Drama and Prose Fiction – William Shakespeare, The Tempest and Margaret Atwood, Hag-SeedTo what extent do the perspectives explored in Hag-Seed collide with those in The Tempest? In your response, make detailed reference to the extract below and your prescribed texts.
20212021 HSC
Questions 1 (a)–1 (g)20 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
7 questions, one for each prescribed text
- Shakespearean Drama and Film – William Shakespeare, King Richard III and Al Pacino, Looking for RichardHow do the extracts provided contribute to a broader textual conversation between the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A?
- Prose Fiction and Film – Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway and Stephen Daldry, The HoursHow do the extracts provided contribute to a broader textual conversation between the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A?
- Prose Fiction and Prose Fiction – Albert Camus, The Stranger and Kamel Daoud, The Meursault InvestigationHow do the extracts provided contribute to a broader textual conversation between the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A?
- Poetry and Drama – John Donne, John Donne: A Selection of His Poetry and Margaret Edson, W;tHow do the extracts provided contribute to a broader textual conversation between the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A?
- Poetry and Film – John Keats, The Complete Poems and Jane Campion, Bright StarHow do the extracts provided contribute to a broader textual conversation between the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A?
- Poetry and Poetry – Sylvia Plath, Ariel and Ted Hughes, Birthday LettersHow do the extracts provided contribute to a broader textual conversation between the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A?
- Shakespearean Drama and Prose Fiction – William Shakespeare, The Tempest and Margaret Atwood, Hag-SeedHow do the extracts provided contribute to a broader textual conversation between the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A?
20202020 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
In textual conversations, the later text is often seen as a shadow, lacking the originality and power of the earlier. To what extent is this statement true of the two prescribed texts you have studied in Module A?
20192019 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Textual Conversations
Everything is being dismantled, reconstructed, recycled. To what end? For what purpose? To what extent is this statement true of the texts you have studied in this module? In your response, make close reference to the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied in Module A.
English Standard
SampleNESA sample exam (2024 syllabus, HSC 2027 on)
Question 120 marksSection I — Focus area: Language, identity and culture
Analyse how your prescribed text disrupts assumptions about culture. In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
20262026 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
Analyse how the language of your prescribed text reflects and shapes diverse cultural perspectives. In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
20252025 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
How does your prescribed text reveal the benefits and challenges of belonging to specific cultures? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
20242024 HSC
Questions 1 (a)–1 (k)20 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
11 questions, one for each prescribed text
- Prose Fiction – Henry Lawson, The Penguin Henry Lawson Short StoriesHow does your study of The Penguin Henry Lawson Short Stories inform your understanding of place and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Prose Fiction – Andrea Levy, Small IslandHow does your study of Small Island inform your understanding of place and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Poetry – Adam Aitken, Kim Cheng Boey and Michelle Cahill (eds), Contemporary Asian Australian PoetsHow does your study of Contemporary Asian Australian Poets inform your understanding of family and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Poetry – Ali Cobby Eckermann, Inside my MotherHow does your study of Inside my Mother inform your understanding of place and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Drama – Ray Lawler, Summer of the Seventeenth DollHow does your study of Summer of the Seventeenth Doll inform your understanding of change and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Drama – Bernard Shaw, PygmalionHow does your study of Pygmalion inform your understanding of change and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Drama – Alana Valentine, Shafana and Aunt SarrinahHow does your study of Shafana and Aunt Sarrinah inform your understanding of change and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Nonfiction – Alice Pung, Unpolished GemHow does your study of Unpolished Gem inform your understanding of family and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Film – Rachel Perkins, One Night the MoonHow does your study of One Night the Moon inform your understanding of change and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Film – Rob Sitch, The CastleHow does your study of The Castle inform your understanding of place and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
- Media – Janet Merewether, Reindeer in my Saami HeartHow does your study of Reindeer in my Saami Heart inform your understanding of change and its connection to culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
20232023 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
By telling each other stories, we recreate ourselves over and over again. Where do we come from? Where are we going? . . . These stories pass [on] our values as a society . . . It’s how we understand each other. OLGA AND CHRISTOPHER WERBY Twin Time Explain how ideas in this statement highlight the way cultural values and identity are represented in your prescribed text. In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
20222022 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
Explain how the language used in your prescribed text changed your perceptions about identity. In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
20212021 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
Analyse how language creates a sense of identity for individuals within a community in your prescribed text. In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
20202020 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
To what extent does your prescribed text disrupt assumptions about culture? In your response, make close reference to your prescribed text.
20192019 HSC
Questions 1–620 marksSection I — Module A: Language, Identity and Culture
6 questions, one for each prescribed text
- Prose Fiction (Henry Lawson, The Penguin Henry Lawson Short Stories; Andrea Levy, Small Island)Prose fiction relies primarily on setting to create cultural tension. To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
- Poetry (Adam Aitken, Kim Cheng Boey and Michelle Cahill (eds), Contemporary Asian Australian Poets; Ali Cobby Eckermann, Inside my Mother)Poetry relies primarily on symbolism to create cultural tension. To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
- Drama (Ray Lawler, Summer of the Seventeenth Doll; George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion; Alana Valentine, Shafana and Aunt Sarrinah)Drama relies primarily on characterisation to create cultural tension. To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
- Nonfiction – Alice Pung, Unpolished GemNonfiction relies primarily on storytelling to create cultural tension. To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
- Film (Rachel Perkins, One Night the Moon; Rob Sitch, The Castle)Film relies primarily on dialogue to create cultural tension. To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
- Media – Janet Merewether, Reindeer in my Saami HeartMedia relies primarily on images to create cultural tension. To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
English EAL/D
SampleNESA sample exam (2024 syllabus, HSC 2027 on)
Question 120 marksSection I — Language, identity and culture
To what extent does culture shape an individual’s identity? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
20262026 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
Feelings of acceptance are influenced by an individual’s culture. How is this statement explored in your prescribed text? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
20252025 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
How are the complications of embracing identity represented in your prescribed text? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
20242024 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
How has the composer of your prescribed text used textual forms and features to shape your understanding of culture?
20232023 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
Composers challenge assumptions about cultural identity. To what extent is this true of your prescribed text? In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
20222022 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
Analyse how your prescribed text represents the significance of identifying with culture. In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text.
20212021 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
How do composers use language to reveal the complexities of culture? In your response, refer to your prescribed text.
20202020 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
How does the form of your prescribed text contribute to the way personal and cultural backgrounds are revealed?
20192019 HSC
Question 120 marksSection I — Module B: Language, Identity and Culture
Cultural influences shape an individual’s identity. To what extent is this idea explored in your prescribed text?
Questions
What is Module A in HSC English?
In English Advanced, Module A is Textual Conversations: a comparative study of two prescribed texts studied as a pair. In English Standard and English EAL/D it is Language, Identity and Culture, studied through one prescribed text. It is examined in Paper 2 as one extended response worth 20 marks (EAL/D's 2017 syllabus calls it Module B).
How many texts do English Advanced students study for Module A?
Two. The 2024 syllabus says students study "TWO prescribed texts", chosen as one of the prescribed pairs. There are 6 pairs for HSC 2027–2030 and 7 for HSC 2019–2026.
How long do I have for Module A in the exam?
Paper 2 is 2 hours plus 5 minutes reading time for three sections worth 20 marks each: Module A, Module B and Module C. The specification gives one time for the whole paper, not a time for each section.
What do markers reward in Language, Identity and Culture?
In the 2025 HSC, NESA's markers said better English Standard responses were able to: explain how the prescribed text reveals an understanding of the benefits and challenges of belonging to specific cultural groups; develop and maintain a clear line of argument; organise and express ideas using appropriate language aligned to the module; demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the module by exploring how the text’s language, form and features shape culture.
